[Chân trời] Trắc nghiệm Sinh học 11 bài 27 Cơ chế sinh vật là một hệ thống mở và tự điều chỉnh
1. What is the primary function of a control center in a negative feedback loop?
A. To detect deviations from the set point.
B. To produce the response that corrects the deviation.
C. To integrate information and compare it to the set point.
D. To transmit the signal to the sensor.
2. A system that maintains a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions is called:
A. A closed system.
B. An isolated system.
C. A homeostatic system.
D. A chaotic system.
3. The self-regulating property of biological systems, ensuring stability despite external fluctuations, is known as:
A. Homeostasis.
B. Metabolism.
C. Adaptation.
D. Evolution.
4. What is the primary characteristic that defines an organism as an open system in biological terms?
A. Its ability to exist in isolation from its environment.
B. Its capacity to exchange matter and energy with its surroundings.
C. Its complete independence from external factors for survival.
D. Its inherent tendency to remain static and unchanging.
5. Which of the following best describes a negative feedback mechanism in a biological system?
A. A process that amplifies the initial stimulus.
B. A mechanism that reduces or counteracts the initial stimulus.
C. A system that promotes continuous change in one direction.
D. A process that leads to a complete shutdown of the system.
6. In a feedback loop, the component that receives information about the variable being regulated and initiates a response is the:
A. Effector.
B. Sensor.
C. Control center.
D. Stimulus.
7. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of biological systems as open systems?
A. Exchange of matter and energy with the environment.
B. Tendency to increase entropy if isolated.
C. Ability to reach thermodynamic equilibrium with the surroundings.
D. Maintenance of a stable internal state through regulation.
8. The process of maintaining a stable concentration of ions inside a cell against a concentration gradient is an example of:
A. Passive diffusion.
B. Osmosis.
C. Active transport and homeostasis.
D. Increasing entropy.
9. What is the role of a sensor in a biological feedback mechanism?
A. To carry out the response to the stimulus.
B. To process information and make a decision.
C. To detect changes in the internal or external environment.
D. To deliver the response to the target cells.
10. The exchange of gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide across the cell membrane is an example of:
A. Internal system closure.
B. Energy transfer.
C. Matter exchange with the environment.
D. Static equilibrium.
11. Which of the following actions by a single-celled organism demonstrates its nature as an open system?
A. Internal replication of its DNA.
B. Absorption of nutrients from its surroundings.
C. Maintaining a stable internal volume.
D. Synthesizing proteins within its cytoplasm.
12. Which statement best describes the relationship between an open system and its environment?
A. No exchange of energy or matter occurs.
B. Only energy can be exchanged.
C. Both energy and matter are exchanged.
D. The system is completely isolated.
13. The ability of a biological system to maintain a relatively constant internal temperature is an example of:
A. Entropy increase.
B. Homeostasis.
C. Positive feedback.
D. Thermodynamic equilibrium.
14. What is the primary challenge for a biological system in maintaining homeostasis?
A. Minimizing energy input.
B. Preventing any interaction with the environment.
C. Counteracting the forces that tend to disrupt internal stability.
D. Achieving a state of complete entropy.
15. When a biological system receives a signal that causes it to amplify that signal further, it is demonstrating:
A. Negative feedback.
B. Homeostatic regulation.
C. Positive feedback.
D. System equilibrium.
16. The efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels in an ecosystem is limited by the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which relates to:
A. The conservation of energy.
B. The increase in entropy with each energy transformation.
C. The stability of closed systems.
D. The self-regulating nature of ecosystems.
17. The process by which an organism maintains a stable internal pH is an example of:
A. Positive feedback.
B. Entropy.
C. Homeostasis.
D. Open system interaction.
18. Which of the following is a consequence of a biological system failing to maintain homeostasis?
A. Increased system stability.
B. Decreased energy expenditure.
C. Disruption of normal physiological functions and potential disease.
D. Achievement of thermodynamic equilibrium.
19. Which of the following best exemplifies the open system nature of a plant cell?
A. The rigid cell wall preventing any exchange.
B. The continuous intake of sunlight and release of oxygen.
C. The enclosed cytoplasm with no interaction with the outside.
D. The inert nucleus that only stores genetic material.
20. In the context of open biological systems, entropy generally refers to:
A. The tendency towards increased order and organization.
B. The rate of energy conversion within the system.
C. The measure of disorder or randomness in the system.
D. The capacity of the system to perform work.
21. The term steady state in biology, particularly for open systems, refers to:
A. A state of zero energy exchange.
B. A condition of perfect equilibrium with the surroundings.
C. A condition where internal conditions remain relatively constant despite continuous exchange with the environment.
D. A state of maximum entropy.
22. Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback mechanism in biology?
A. Regulation of body temperature through sweating.
B. Blood clotting process.
C. Regulation of blood glucose levels by insulin.
D. Maintaining a constant heart rate.
23. Which component is crucial for the operation of a feedback loop in a biological system?
A. A receptor and an effector.
B. A transmitter and a receiver.
C. An input and an output.
D. A sensor and a control center.
24. A control system that returns a variable to its set point is characteristic of:
A. Open-loop control.
B. Positive feedback.
C. Negative feedback.
D. Unregulated processes.
25. Why do biological systems, as open systems, need to constantly import energy?
A. To increase their internal entropy.
B. To counteract the natural tendency towards increasing disorder (entropy).
C. To achieve a state of thermodynamic equilibrium with the surroundings.
D. To minimize their interactions with the environment.
