1. What is the 'loan-to-value ratio′ (LTV) used for in mortgage lending?
A. To determine the interest rate on a loan.
B. To assess the risk of a loan based on the property value.
C. To calculate monthly property taxes.
D. To estimate the cost of renovations.
2. Which of these factors generally does NOT influence property value?
A. Location and neighborhood amenities.
B. Current interest rates.
C. The seller′s original moving expenses.
D. Property size and condition.
3. What is a 'lien′ in real estate terms?
A. A discount on property taxes.
B. A legal claim against a property.
C. A type of homeowner′s insurance.
D. An environmental hazard assessment.
4. What is 'eminent domain′?
A. The right of a property owner to exclude others from their property.
B. The government′s right to take private property for public use with compensation.
C. A legal dispute over property boundaries.
D. The process of inheriting real estate property.
5. Which term describes the legal right to use someone else′s land for a specific purpose?
A. Encroachment
B. Easement
C. Eminent Domain
D. Equity
6. In real estate, what does 'cap rate′ (capitalization rate) measure?
A. The annual cost of property maintenance.
B. The rate of return on a real estate investment.
C. The percentage of equity in a property.
D. The annual appreciation rate of a property.
7. What is 'capital gain′ in real estate?
A. The profit from renting out a property.
B. The increase in property value over time.
C. The profit from selling a property for more than its purchase price.
D. The total revenue generated from a real estate portfolio.
8. What is 'title insurance′ designed to protect against?
A. Damage to the physical structure of the property.
B. Financial loss from defects in the property title.
C. Liability for accidents on the property.
D. Decreases in property market value.
9. What does 'zoning′ regulations primarily control in real estate?
A. Property tax rates.
B. Permitted land uses and building types.
C. Building construction material standards.
D. Historical preservation requirements.
10. What does 'REIT′ stand for in the context of real estate investment?
A. Real Estate Investment Trust
B. Residential Energy Improvement Tax
C. Regional Economic Investment Tool
D. Rental Equity Incentive Program
11. What does 'short sale′ mean in real estate?
A. Selling a property quickly for a slightly lower price.
B. Selling a property for less than the outstanding mortgage balance.
C. A sale that closes within a very short timeframe.
D. Selling property without using a real estate agent.
12. What does 'appraisal′ mean in the context of real estate?
A. The process of applying for a mortgage.
B. An estimate of a property′s market value.
C. The cost of property insurance.
D. A detailed property inspection report.
13. Explain the concept of 'leverage′ in real estate investment.
A. Using borrowed capital to increase the potential return on investment.
B. The legal process of evicting a tenant.
C. Negotiating a lower purchase price for a property.
D. Diversifying investments across different property types.
14. Differentiate between 'depreciation′ and 'appreciation′ in real estate.
A. Depreciation is for commercial property, appreciation is for residential.
B. Depreciation is a decrease in value over time; appreciation is an increase in value.
C. Depreciation refers to tax benefits; appreciation to market value.
D. They are interchangeable terms referring to property value changes.
15. What is 'real property′ in legal terms?
A. Movable possessions like furniture.
B. Land and anything permanently attached to it.
C. Financial investments in real estate companies.
D. Temporary housing arrangements.
16. Which document outlines the terms and conditions of a rental agreement?
A. Warranty Deed
B. Lease Agreement
C. Quitclaim Deed
D. Mortgage Note
17. Which of these is a professional who is licensed to assist buyers and sellers in real estate transactions?
A. Property appraiser
B. Real estate agent∕broker
C. Home inspector
D. Mortgage underwriter
18. What is the difference between 'gross lease′ and 'net lease′ in commercial real estate?
A. Gross lease is for residential, net lease is for commercial properties.
B. In a gross lease, the tenant pays a fixed rent; in a net lease, the tenant pays rent plus property expenses.
C. Gross lease involves shorter lease terms than net lease.
D. Net lease always includes an option to purchase, unlike gross lease.
19. Explain the concept of '1031 exchange′ in real estate.
A. A program for first-time homebuyers.
B. A tax-deferred exchange allowing investors to reinvest capital gains from one property into a similar one.
C. A type of government grant for property renovations.
D. A process for refinancing a mortgage loan.
20. In real estate listings, 'HOA fees′ refers to:
A. Homeowner′s Association fees.
B. Hazardous Occupancy Assessment fees.
C. Home Office Allowance fees.
D. Housing Opportunity Assistance fees.
21. In real estate, what does 'amortization′ primarily refer to?
A. The process of evaluating property value.
B. The reduction of a loan balance over time.
C. The initial down payment on a property.
D. The legal transfer of property ownership.
22. What is the meaning of 'contingency′ in a real estate purchase agreement?
A. An unexpected property maintenance cost.
B. A condition that must be met for the contract to be binding.
C. A type of property insurance.
D. A clause for resolving disputes.
23. If a property is described as 'turnkey′, what does this generally imply?
A. It requires extensive renovations.
B. It is ready for immediate occupancy.
C. It is located in a rural area.
D. It is being sold at auction.
24. Which of the following is NOT typically considered a 'fixture′ in real estate?
A. Built-in bookshelves
B. A freestanding refrigerator
C. Attached light fixtures
D. Custom-made curtains
25. Which of the following best describes 'market value′?
A. The original purchase price of a property.
B. The most probable price a property should bring in a competitive and open market.
C. The assessed value for property taxes.
D. The cost to rebuild the property from scratch.
26. Which term best describes a legal document that transfers ownership of real property from one party to another?
A. Promissory Note
B. Deed
C. Mortgage
D. Lease Agreement
27. What is 'PMI′ (Private Mortgage Insurance) typically required for?
A. For all mortgage loans regardless of down payment.
B. For borrowers who make a down payment of less than 20% on a conventional loan.
C. For properties located in high-risk flood zones.
D. For borrowers with poor credit scores.
28. What does 'due diligence′ refer to in real estate?
A. The process of paying property taxes on time.
B. A thorough investigation of a property and transaction details.
C. The negotiation of the purchase price.
D. The final signing of closing documents.
29. What is the meaning of 'escrow′ in a real estate transaction?
A. A type of property tax.
B. A neutral third party holding funds or documents.
C. The final walkthrough inspection.
D. A government housing subsidy program.
30. What is the primary purpose of a 'property survey′?
A. To assess the structural integrity of a building.
B. To determine the legal boundaries of a property.
C. To evaluate the market value of a property.
D. To inspect for pest infestations.
