1. What is the term for the process where sounds become more distinct to avoid confusion?
A. Assimilation
B. Elision
C. Diphthongization
D. Fortition
2. Which consonant sound is described as a voiced alveolar stop?
A. ∕p∕
B. ∕t∕
C. ∕d∕
D. ∕k∕
3. In connected speech, what is intrusion?
A. Adding extra stress to a word.
B. Inserting an extra sound between words.
C. Omitting a sound within a word.
D. Changing the vowel quality of a word.
4. In the word 'photograph′, which syllable is stressed?
A. pho-
B. -to-
C. -graph
D. All syllables are equally stressed.
5. Which of the following words demonstrates linking 'r′?
A. car
B. card
C. far away
D. father
6. Identify the word with the primary stress on the third syllable.
A. understand
B. university
C. photography
D. incredible
7. What is the phonetic symbol for the vowel sound in 'bird′?
A. ∕ɜː∕
B. ∕ə∕
C. ∕ʊ∕
D. ∕ʌ∕
8. What is the primary function of intonation in spoken English?
A. To ensure grammatical correctness.
B. To convey emotions and attitudes.
C. To increase speaking speed.
D. To confuse the listener.
9. Identify the minimal pair from the following options.
A. ship and sheep
B. tree and three
C. play and pray
D. blue and blew
10. In sentence stress, which words are typically stressed?
A. Grammatical words (e.g., articles, prepositions)
B. Content words (e.g., nouns, verbs, adjectives)
C. All words are equally stressed.
D. Only the first and last words.
11. Which of the following is an example of elision in connected speech?
A. going to → gonna
B. ten bikes → tem bikes
C. dress shop → jress shop
D. put it → pu tit
12. What is the voicing characteristic of the consonant sound ∕s∕?
A. Voiced
B. Voiceless
C. Sometimes voiced, sometimes voiceless
D. Nasalized
13. What is the place of articulation for the sound ∕b∕?
A. Alveolar
B. Bilabial
C. Velar
D. Dental
14. Which of the following pairs are NOT minimal pairs?
A. pen and pan
B. bit and beat
C. sun and son
D. tea and sea
15. What is the primary articulatory feature that distinguishes ∕l∕ and ∕r∕ sounds?
A. Voicing
B. Place of articulation
C. Manner of articulation
D. Tongue shape and movement
16. How does falling intonation typically function in English?
A. To indicate hesitation.
B. To signal incompleteness.
C. To mark the end of a statement or command.
D. To express surprise.
17. Which word exemplifies the weak form of 'to′?
A. 'To′ in 'I went to the store.'
B. 'To′ in 'I want to go.'
C. 'To′ in 'To be or not to be.'
D. 'To′ when pronounced in isolation.
18. What is the function of a rising intonation pattern typically?
A. To indicate a statement.
B. To indicate a question.
C. To express anger.
D. To show certainty.
19. What type of consonant is ∕f∕ according to its manner of articulation?
A. Stop
B. Nasal
C. Fricative
D. Approximant
20. Which of these transcriptions represents the word 'through′?
A. ∕θruː∕
B. ∕truː∕
C. ∕θrəʊ∕
D. ∕ðruː∕
21. Identify the word where the 'th′ is pronounced as ∕ð∕ (voiced dental fricative).
A. think
B. bath
C. this
D. path
22. What is the difference between aspiration and unaspiration of consonants, particularly for ∕p∕, ∕t∕, ∕k∕ in English?
A. Aspirated consonants are always voiced; unaspirated are voiceless.
B. Aspiration involves a puff of air after the release of certain voiceless stops; unaspiration does not.
C. Aspirated consonants are longer in duration; unaspirated are shorter.
D. Aspiration changes the place of articulation; unaspiration does not.
23. Which word has the vowel sound ∕e∕ as in 'bed′?
A. beat
B. bait
C. bet
D. bite
24. Which of these words has a silent letter?
A. knife
B. know
C. knight
D. All of the above
25. What phonetic process is exemplified when 'handbag′ is pronounced as 'hambag′?
A. Elision
B. Assimilation
C. Intrusion
D. Epenthesis
26. What is the difference between a phoneme and an allophone?
A. A phoneme is a variant of a sound; an allophone is a basic sound unit.
B. A phoneme is a basic sound unit that distinguishes meaning; an allophone is a variant of a phoneme.
C. Phonemes and allophones are the same thing.
D. Phonemes are used in writing; allophones are used in speech.
27. Which of the following words contains a diphthong?
A. strength
B. thought
C. voice
D. myth
28. Which word contains the vowel sound ∕ʊ∕ as in 'foot′?
A. food
B. flute
C. full
D. fool
29. Which of the following words has a secondary stress?
A. banana
B. photographer
C. computer
D. happiness
30. Which of these is a common pronunciation error for non-native English speakers regarding vowel length?
A. Using diphthongs instead of monophthongs.
B. Not distinguishing between long and short vowels.
C. Over-emphasizing vowel sounds.
D. Pronouncing all vowels as nasal vowels.
