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Câu 1: In a documentary collection (D/C) transaction, what is the main risk an exporter faces when choosing 'Documents Against Acceptance' (D/A)?
- - The importer may refuse to accept the documents and retrieve the goods.
- - The importer may accept the documents but fail to pay at maturity.
- - The remitting bank may delay sending the documents.
- - The goods may be damaged during transit.
Câu 2: When an exporter uses a 'Without Recourse' factoring arrangement, what benefit do they gain?
- - The exporter retains the credit risk of the buyer.
- - The exporter receives payment upfront and transfers the credit risk to the factor.
- - The exporter pays the factor a higher fee but retains control of collections.
- - The exporter gains access to a loan, but the payment schedule remains unchanged.
Câu 3: Which type of risk is associated with changes in government regulations or policies that negatively impact international trade?
- - Commercial Risk
- - Currency Risk
- - Political Risk
- - Transit Risk
Câu 4: Which of the following is NOT a common method of payment in international trade?
- - Cash in advance
- - Letter of credit
- - Open account
- - Barter system using cryptocurrency
Câu 5: When an exporter requires payment upfront before shipping goods, which payment method is being utilized?
- - Open Account
- - Cash in Advance
- - Documentary Collection
- - Letter of Credit
Câu 6: What role does a 'confirming bank' play in a letter of credit transaction?
- - It advises the beneficiary (exporter) that the letter of credit has been issued.
- - It guarantees payment to the beneficiary (exporter) in addition to the issuing bank's guarantee.
- - It arranges for the shipment of the goods.
- - It inspects the goods before shipment.
Câu 7: Under Incoterms 2020, which term places the minimum obligation on the seller, who only needs to make the goods available at their own premises?
- - FOB (Free On Board)
- - EXW (Ex Works)
- - DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)
- - CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight)
Câu 8: Which international payment method offers the highest level of security for an exporter, as the issuing bank undertakes an irrevocable commitment to pay upon presentation of compliant documents?
- - Open Account
- - Documentary Collection
- - Letter of Credit (L/C)
- - Advance Payment
Câu 9: Which set of rules provides a framework for handling Documentary Collections (DCs) globally?
- - Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP 600)
- - Uniform Rules for Collections (URC 522)
- - Incoterms 2020
- - International Standby Practices (ISP98)
Câu 10: Which Incoterm 2020 term requires the seller to clear the goods for export, but not for import, and deliver them to a named place, with all risks transferring at that point?
- - DAP (Delivered at Place)
- - FOB (Free on Board)
- - CPT (Carriage Paid To)
- - DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)
Câu 11: What characterizes an 'Open Account' payment term in international trade?
- - Payment is made by the buyer's bank upon presentation of documents
- - The buyer pays for goods after receiving them, typically within 30-90 days
- - The seller receives payment upfront before shipping goods
- - Payment is guaranteed by a third-party financial institution
Câu 12: What is the purpose of a 'certificate of origin'?
- - To provide details of the goods being shipped.
- - To certify the country where the goods were produced.
- - To insure the goods against loss or damage.
- - To provide instructions for handling the goods.
Câu 13: What is the most common consequence for a beneficiary (exporter) if a Letter of Credit presentation contains discrepancies?
- - The issuing bank must still honor the L/C immediately
- - The issuing bank may refuse to honor the L/C, or seek a waiver from the applicant, potentially causing delays and additional costs
- - The discrepancies are automatically corrected by the advising bank
- - The beneficiary is required to re-ship the goods
Câu 14: Which of these is considered a 'commercial risk' in international trade, rather than a 'currency risk' or 'political risk'?
- - Sudden depreciation of the buyer's local currency.
- - Government imposition of new import tariffs.
- - Buyer's insolvency or unwillingness to pay for goods received.
- - War breaking out in the importing country.
Câu 15: In a Documentary Collection, which payment method offers greater risk to the exporter because the importer receives the documents (and thus control of the goods) before making payment?
- - Documents Against Payment (D/P)
- - Documents Against Acceptance (D/A)
- - Cash in Advance (CIA)
- - Letter of Credit (L/C)
Câu 16: When a bank quotes a foreign exchange rate to a customer, if the customer wants to buy foreign currency from the bank, which rate will the bank typically use?
- - The bid rate
- - The ask (offer) rate
- - The mid-rate
- - The spot rate for the following day
Câu 17: Which Incoterm places the maximum obligation on the seller?
- - EXW (Ex Works)
- - FOB (Free on Board)
- - CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight)
- - DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)
Câu 18: What is 'factoring' in international trade?
- - A method of insuring against political risk
- - The selling of accounts receivable at a discount to a factor
- - A government subsidy for exporters
- - A type of currency exchange control
Câu 19: Which Incoterm means the seller fulfills their obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available to the buyer at the seller's premises or at another named place?
- - FOB (Free on Board)
- - CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight)
- - EXW (Ex Works)
- - DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)
Câu 20: Upon receipt of non-complying documents under an LC, what action is the Issuing Bank typically obligated to take under UCP 600?
- - Immediately reject the documents and refuse to pay
- - Seek a waiver of discrepancies from the applicant
- - Notify the presenter of the discrepancies and state whether it is honoring or refusing
- - Correct the discrepancies on behalf of the beneficiary
Câu 21: Who is typically the 'drawer' of a Bill of Exchange in an international trade transaction?
- - The Importer (Buyer)
- - The Issuing Bank
- - The Exporter (Seller)
- - The Shipping Company
Câu 22: What is the URDG in international trade?
- - Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees
- - Universal Rules for Documentary Guidelines
- - United Regulations for Domestic Guarantees
- - Unified Requirements for Delivery of Goods
Câu 23: Which of the following is the primary function of SWIFT in international payments?
- - To act as a central bank for international transactions
- - To facilitate the secure exchange of financial messages between banks worldwide
- - To guarantee international payments
- - To regulate exchange rates
Câu 24: What is the role of a confirming bank in a letter of credit?
- - To advise the beneficiary of the letter of credit
- - To guarantee payment of the letter of credit in addition to the issuing bank
- - To inspect the goods being shipped
- - To provide financing to the applicant
Câu 25: What is the purpose of a standby letter of credit?
- - To finance the purchase of goods in international trade
- - To act as a guarantee of payment in case of non-performance
- - To provide insurance against political risks
- - To facilitate foreign exchange transactions